If you will find been one particular immutable rule all through American tv background, it has been local news. Practically from The instant the station initial signed on air, they started carrying area news in which sporting activities usually played A serious role. A lack of steady programming resources in these early decades led numerous stations to turn to athletics to fill their broadcasting schedules. Big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC History", 2003). When creating neighborhood newscasts to go well with their viewers, these stations ordinarily included sports and weather. By way of example, in 1961 WKMG started off its to start with full-time information Office in Orlando. Newscasts include Frank Vaught's sports reports ("The background of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant place in nearby news broadcasting for a number of many years, but current market developments have known as into query this place. Segmented audiences, altering demographics, and declining news profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its area athletics phase. “Sporting activities is without doubt one of the very last regions of Television in which individuals do things just how they normally have,” claims television executive Elliott Wiser. “(Now) a different technique is needed” (Deggans, 2000).
Problem for Area Tv set News
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Challenge for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/3가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Shifting channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Athletics
None of this is Great news for your area television sporting activities sector, which can be increasingly beneath scrutiny from station execs. Despite its regular presence within just nearby newscasts, athletics have lengthy been viewed as a "tuning" factor. As outlined by a survey with the Radio and tv News Directors Basis, only 31% of viewers said they had been 'pretty intrigued' in sporting activities and 32% had been 'considerably fascinated' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed curiosity from the weather. "Sports activities are particularly polarizing." said television news guide Brent Magid. “The bulk can accept, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific tests have revealed that Ladies are much a lot less interested in sports activities than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted appropriately. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. Based on station news director Jim Church, "Telling a story when no-one is listening will not be a very good usage of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eliminated the Activity, while others have reduced their allotted time. According to the day on the 7 days (weekends have far more athletics time), athletics segments have ordinarily been given concerning a few and 5 minutes of community information coverage. Since amount is right down to about a moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash some time for sporting activities by just a few and also a 50 percent minutes for 3 hrs of news. Other people within the business have implemented new strategies, which include sports tales that concentration far more on men and women than scores or cater into a wider information audience. "What we're trying to do now could be handle sports activities as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We want to do a little something outside of sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Improvements in neighborhood sports can be a reflection of your remarkable upheaval happening all over broadcast news. If the athletics sector is no longer Safe and sound, what about other information factors? CBS Team News Vp Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) mentioned, “[All this] forces us to reexamine the [news] design.”
On a more fast level, improvements within the community sports activities sector specifically have an effect on Many aspiring sportscasters. Stations which can be lessening their dedication to sporting activities can also be cutting down their sports workforce stages, which impacts The work marketplace. One more information director stated, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two comprehensive-time sportsmen to one total-time, just one in charge of the news 3 times weekly, and it was a fight to stay there.”
Equally significant, changes in the way in which athletics are introduced are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to understand new approaches. Now not can sportscasters focus on scoring. They've to produce the presentation additional partaking for normal fans. This really is also crucial for journalism universities across the nation, which really need to doc what stations want during the sports sector and update their coaching curricula.
Will these 스포츠중계 modifications perform or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented within the adjust in KDKA, “Permit’s reserve ultimate judgment right up until September, if the Steelers, higher education, and highschool football seasons commence in earnest. Then the station will likely be . There is certainly an error in clock management.”